Le Chemin de Fer Ontario Northland, ou Ontario Northland Railway en anglais (ONR), est un chemin de fer canadien et une compagnie de la couronne provinciale. The Ontario Northland (Le Chemin de Fer Ontario Northland, ou Ontario Northland Railway en anglais (ONR), est un chemin de...) Railway (ONR, AAR (L'Aar (en allemand Aare) est une rivière de Suisse longue de 288 km, affluent rive gauche...) reporting (Un compte rendu (cf J.O. du 26 octobre 2006) souvent appelé en anglais reporting est...) marks ONT, ONTA) is a Canadian railway and provincial Crown corporation. Its north-south mainline has a southern (Southern est le nouveau nom de la concession ferroviaire, initialement exploitée par Connex South...) terminus at North Bay, passing through Cochrane, and a northern terminus at Moosonee, on the south shore of James Bay - all in its namesake province of Ontario. An east-west secondary mainline connects Calstock (near Hearst) with Cochrane and a line extends from Swastika (south of Cochrane) into the neighbouring province of Quebec where it terminates at Rouyn-Noranda. The railway's forty kilometres of track in Quebec are operated by a subsidiary, the Nipissing Central Railway.
Originally built to develop the Lake Timiskaming and Lake Nipissing areas, this railway soon became a major factor in the economic growth of the province. After decades of hard construction through the Canadian Shield it reached James Bay in 1932. While blasting the route (Le mot « route » dérive du latin (via) rupta, littéralement « voie...) through the shield, geologists discovered vast deposits of valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper and nickel (Le nickel est un élément chimique, de symbole Ni et de numéro atomique 28.). The railway also made it possible to exploit the vast timber resources of Northern Ontario. The importance of the ONR is witnessed by the vast increase in mineral exploration (L'exploration est le fait de chercher avec l'intention de découvrir quelque chose d'inconnu.) and exploitation, giving rise to the valuable mining stocks on the Toronto Stock Exchange and indirectly leading to Southern Ontario's economic boom during the 1970s.
The railway was incorporated as the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway on March 17, 1902, by an act of the Ontario parliament, the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act. The railway was to be a provincial Crown corporation overseen by the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Commission. Construction on the railway started in 1903, and reached New Liskeard, in the Lake Timiskaming area, by 1905. As it passed by Long Lake, near the 103 mile marker, the largest silver rush in Canada was sparked by workers looking for trees for railway ties. The town (La classe de croiseurs légers britanniques Town (ville en anglais), fut produite juste avant et...) of Cobalt (Le Cobalt est un élément chimique, de symbole Co et de numéro atomique 27 et de...), Ontario grew out of the fortunes of silver taken from the grounds. The railway reached Englehart in 1906, and Cochrane in 1909. In the next (NeXT Computer, Inc (devenue NeXT Software, Inc) était une entreprise d’informatique...) few years, several branch lines were built.
In 1921, construction on a line north to James Bay was started. In 1923, the new Conservative premier of Ontario, Howard Ferguson, halted further construction, stating that it would be unprofitable. For four (Un four est une enceinte maçonnée ou un appareil, muni d'un système de chauffage...) years the terminus of the line remained at Fraserdale, near Abitibi Canyon, where a hydroelectric dam was being built on the Abitibi River. Between 1928 and 1930 the railway was extended north at a slow pace. The pace of construction was quickened in 1930 as a make-work project due to the depression. The extension to James Bay was opened on July 15, 1932. The terminus of the railway was at a point (Graphie) at the mouth of the Moose River near the old trading post of Revillon Frères. It was named Moosonee, from the Cree meaning "at the moose".
A name change for the railway was first proposed in 1942 by Arthur Cavanagh, who was chairman of the commission between 1940 and 1944. He noted that it would have the advantage of associating the railway with the province, not just with the District of Timiskaming. A name change would also avoid confusion with the Texas and New Orleans Railway, which (Which est un pronom relatif anglais signifiant « lequel ».) had the same initials. The Ontario railway would often have boxcars misdirected in the United States (Le United States est un paquebot construit en 1952 ; il est le plus grand jamais construit aux...), while receiving invoices that should have gone to Texas. The railway's name was changed to the Ontario Northland Railway on April 5, 1946, when a bill amending the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act received assent.
Three new mines were opened in Northern Ontario in the 1950s and 1960s. Sherman Mine in Temagami was opened in 1955, Adams Mine in Kirkland Lake in 1963, and Kidd Creek Mine in Timmins in 1967. The Ontario Northland Railway built spurs to serve these mines.
In 1991, ONR acquired some buses from the sale of Gray Coach (Un coach (terme anglo-saxon) est un accompagnateur personnel ou d'équipe. Venu du sport (où l'on...) by Stagecoach Group.
In 1993, CN applied to abandon sections of its underused former National Transcontinental Railway mainline across northern Ontario (it had previously abandoned the portion of the line between Calstock and Nakina in 1988). The portion between Calstock and Cochrane was sold to ONR.
In December 2000, the Ontario government announced that it would be privatising the railway. CN submitted a bid in March 2002, and in October the government gave them exclusive rights to negotiate a purchase of the railway. However, the deal fell through on July 2, 2003, over the government's insistence on job guarantees, and the railway remains in public hands. On February 25, 2005, CN and ONR signed a routing agreement in which ONR would transport (Le transport est le fait de porter quelque chose, ou quelqu'un, d'un lieu à un autre, le plus...) CN's freight traffic that travels between Noranda and either Hearst or North Bay.
Ontario Northland est reconnu pour son train (Un train est un véhicule guidé circulant sur des rails. Un train est composé de...) touristique Polar Bear Express qui circule de Cochrane à Moosonee, faisant 6 aller-retours par semaine durant les mois (Le mois (Du lat. mensis «mois», et anciennement au plur. «menstrues») est une période de temps...) d'été. Le train quitte Cochrane au matin, reste quelque heures (L'heure est une unité de mesure :) à Moosonee et retourne au soir. Même si les ours (Les ours (ou ursinés, du latin ŭrsus, de même sens) sont de grands mammifères...) polaires sont rarement visibles à Moosonee, le voyage (Un voyage est un déplacement effectué vers un point plus ou moins éloigné dans un but personnel...) permet de découvrir la culture (La Culture est une civilisation pan-galactique inventée par Iain M. Banks au travers de ses...) amérindienne et l'histoire ferroviaire. Il y a aussi un train mixte marchadises/passagers, appelé affectionately Little Bear (petit ours, ourson). Ce train se déplace entre Cochrane et Moosonee et arrête volontiers le long du trajet pour embarquer ou débarquer des canotiers ou des chasseurs. Le Northlander est un autre train de passager du ONR qui voyage en partie sur des voies du CN entre Toronto et Cochrane via North Bay. Le Northlander effectue un voyage par jour (Le jour ou la journée est l'intervalle qui sépare le lever du coucher du Soleil ; c'est la...) dans chaque direction, six jours par semaine.
Le Northlander arrêtes aux gares suivantes:
Les arrêts du Little Bear et du Polar Bear Express:
Le Dream Catcher Express s'arrête à:
Ontario Northland opère aussi un service d'autobus et de courrier entre Toronto (du Terminus Yorkdale du Go Transit) est plusieurs endroits dans le centre et le nord (Le nord est un point cardinal, opposé au sud.) de l'Ontario.
Le service d'autobus de l'ONR (lignes 1 et 2) s'arrête aux endroits suivants:
Les connexions avec les autres compagnie de chemin de fer (Le chemin de fer est un système de transport guidé servant au transport de personnes et...) s'effectuent aux endroits suivants:
Le chemin de fer possède environ 25 locomotives diesel, et environ 700 pièces de matériel roulant. Une de ses pièces de matériel roulant les plus inhabituelle est un wagon (Dans le jargon ferroviaire, on distingue habituellement deux grands types de véhicules remorqués....) pour canot (Un canot est un petit bateau non ponté manœuvré à la rame, à l'aviron, à la godille, à...), qui est en service durant l'été à bord du Little Bear. Le wagon peut contenir jusqu'à dix-huit canots. C'est le seul wagon connut au monde (Le mot monde peut désigner :) construit spécifiquement pour transporter des canots et des kayaks.
En 1977, le chemin de fer acheta quatre ensembles de train Trans-Europ-Express (Trans Europ Express est aussi le titre d'un film du réalisateur français Alain Robbe-Grillet...) retirés des chemins de fer Néerlandais et Suédois, pour les utiliser sur son train Northlander. Par contre, l'expérience n'à pas été complètement (Le complètement ou complètement automatique, ou encore par anglicisme complétion ou...) fructueuse. Les locomotives furent envoyées à la casse en 1984, alors que les wagons de passagers survécurent jusqu'au début des années quatre-vingt.
The Ontario Northland Transportation Commission was established as the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Commission in 1902 to oversee the railway. In 1946, with the name change to the railway, the name of the commission was changed to the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission. The use of the word "transportation" instead of "railway" in the commission's name reflected a new, expanded mandate for the commission.
In 1937, the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act was amended, enabling the Commission to operate buses, trucks, and aeroplanes in order to carry passengers and freight. By 1938 the Commission had acquired 11 buses. In 1945, the Commission acquired the Temagami and the Nipissing Navigation (La navigation est la science et l'ensemble des techniques qui permettent de :) Companies. Legislation in 1946 allowed the Commission to acquire, construct, and operate boats, et aussi des hôtels, tourist resorts, and restaurants. In 1960 it purchased a trucking firm, Star Transfer.
The railway is still operated today by the commission, which still runs various other transport enterprises, including a bus coach services along the Toronto-North Bay-Timmins-Hearst and Toronto-Sudbury-Timmins corridors, and a telephone and telecommunications company (Ontera). The commission is an agency of the Ontario government and is used to promote development (Development est une revue scientifique bimensuelle à comité de lecture couvrant tous les...) in northern Ontario.