🧬 Do you suffer from migraines? You might have some Neanderthal skull in you!

Some persistent headaches hide a much older origin than one might imagine. A study reveals a surprising link between a brain malformation and skull traits inherited from Neanderthals.

This discovery sheds light on Chiari malformation type 1, a condition where the cerebellum abnormally protrudes into the cervical canal. Researchers have identified a striking similarity between the skulls of affected patients and those of our extinct cousins, suggesting a genetic influence dating back several millennia.

An anatomy inherited from our cousins

The skulls of people suffering from this malformation show a less angular base, typical of Neanderthals. This morphology reduces the available space for the cerebellum, increasing the risks of compression.

3D comparisons have shown a marked resemblance to Neanderthal fossils, unlike "healthy" modern skulls. This similarity highlights the lasting impact of ancient interbreeding on our biology.

The study, published in Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, paves the way for genetic research to identify the responsible Neanderthal sequences. A better understanding could improve early diagnosis.

Varied symptoms, a common origin

Symptoms range from severe migraines to motor disorders, often aggravated by physical exertion. Lying down sometimes relieves the pressure, revealing gravity's role.

Carriers of these archaic traits often remain unaware of their condition until complications appear. This discretion explains why the link with Neanderthals went unnoticed for so long.

Researchers are now considering large-scale genetic studies to confirm this connection. Such progress would allow adapting medical protocols for at-risk populations.

To go further: What is Chiari malformation?

This structural anomaly causes the cerebellum to protrude into the cervical canal. It can be asymptomatic or cause various neurological disorders.

Diagnosis often relies on MRIs, revealing a descent of the cerebellar tonsils. Severe cases require surgical intervention to create more space.

The exact causes remain debated, but this study points to an unexpected evolutionary origin.

How does Neanderthal DNA influence our health?

About 1 to 2% of our genome comes from Neanderthals, a legacy of ancient interbreeding. Some genes affect immunity, metabolism, or here, skull morphology.

These archaic sequences may have been advantageous in the distant past but sometimes cause problems today. Chiari malformation is a striking example.

Future research will target these genes to better understand their role in modern diseases.