☀️ How does heat stroke occur and how to protect yourself from it?

Summer is often synonymous with relaxation and lounging... until scorching heat turns a simple outing into a real nightmare. Imagine yourself enjoying a sunny afternoon when suddenly dizziness, nausea, and confusion overwhelm you: you're experiencing a heat stroke. What happens in your body and, most importantly, how can you avoid it?

Under normal conditions, our body regulates its internal temperature by making the skin sweat: the evaporation of sweat carries away heat. But when the outside temperature exceeds 95°F (35°C), humidity is very high, or intense effort is exerted, this natural cooling system reaches its limits. The internal temperature can then rise above 104°F (40°C), jeopardizing the functioning of the brain, heart, and kidneys.


Physiologically, heat stroke manifests as massive vasodilation of skin blood vessels to dissipate heat, combined with intense sweating. When the body lacks water, sweating decreases and heat accumulates: brain cells can suffer irreversible damage within minutes. Without immediate intervention, heat shock can escalate into seizures, cardiac arrest, or coma.

Several factors increase the risk of heat stroke:
- Dehydration (insufficient fluid intake)
- Prolonged physical exertion under intense sun
- Wearing thick or dark-colored clothing
- Confined and poorly ventilated spaces

Elderly people, children, and those with chronic illnesses are particularly at risk, but even a healthy adult can be affected if careless.

Warning signs include: high fever (> 104°F / 40°C), throbbing headaches, nausea, red and dry skin, and confusion. If you or someone around you exhibits these symptoms, act without delay:
- Move the person to the shade or an air-conditioned area
- Lay them down with legs elevated
- Apply cool cloths to the forehead, neck, and armpits
- Give them small sips of water or rehydration solution (if conscious)
- Call emergency services

To prevent heat stroke, adopt these simple habits:
- Drink at least 50 oz (1.5 L) of water daily, more if active
- Wear lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing
- Schedule outings before 11 AM or after 5 PM
- Use fans, misters, or air conditioning (cinemas and malls are often air-conditioned)
- Check weather and heatwave bulletins every morning
- Look out for the most vulnerable (offer them regular breaks in cool areas)