🛰️ Google explores space datacenters with Project Suncatcher

The goal is to leverage extraterrestrial conditions to address terrestrial constraints, such as energy consumption or server cooling.

Among ongoing projects, Google has unveiled Project Suncatcher, an ambitious initiative aiming to build data infrastructure in orbit. The company plans to send satellites equipped with TPU chips, specially designed for artificial intelligence, and powered by solar energy. These satellites would communicate with each other using lasers, thus forming a space-based information processing network.


One of the major advantages of this approach lies in access to an almost inexhaustible energy source: the Sun. In orbit, solar panels can capture light without being hindered by clouds or the atmosphere, enabling continuous and efficient electricity production. This configuration could significantly reduce the environmental footprint compared to terrestrial datacenters.

However, several technical obstacles must be overcome. Electronic components, such as TPU chips, must withstand space radiation and extreme temperature variations. Furthermore, dissipating the heat generated by servers represents a considerable challenge, as in a vacuum, there is no air to provide natural cooling. Special radiators are necessary, but they add weight and complicate satellite design.

Google is not the only player in this race. SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, has also expressed interest in hosting datacenters on its future Starlink satellites. Startups like Starcloud are also exploring this path, using common graphics chips (GPUs) in AI systems. This competition could accelerate the innovations needed to bring these projects to fruition.

The first practical steps are planned for 2027, with the launch of prototypes by Google. These tests will assess the reliability of equipment in space and the performance of laser communications. If these experiments are positive, they could pave the way for a new era in computing infrastructure, although large-scale deployment remains a long-term goal.


Another notable point concerns the maintenance of these orbital systems. Unlike terrestrial facilities, where repairs are relatively simple, in space, any intervention requires robotic missions or space travel, which increases costs and operational difficulty.

Sun-synchronous orbits

Project Suncatcher satellites use so-called 'sun-synchronous' orbits. This configuration means they always pass over Earth at sunrise or sunset. It allows for maximizing exposure to solar rays, thus avoiding periods of shadow and atmospheric disturbances. Consequently, solar panels can produce electricity almost continuously, providing a stable and abundant energy source.

This approach contrasts with terrestrial installations, where solar power production is intermittent due to night, clouds, and seasons. In orbit, energy efficiency is much higher, reducing dependence on traditional power grids. To maintain this precise orbit, constant adjustments are needed to correct drifts caused by gravity, adding a layer of technical difficulty.