With quantum computing, reconciling Einstein's relativity and quantum mechanics?

A century has passed since the birth of quantum mechanics, yet the puzzles raised by its founders continue to challenge the minds of scientists. While technologies stemming from this field, such as lasers, shape our daily lives, one question remains: how can Einstein's theory of relativity shed light on the mysteries of quantum entanglement?


At the heart of this contemplation is the theory of quantum information, an emerging field that redefines our understanding of quantum mechanics in terms of information rather than forces. Researchers are leveraging this approach to explain phenomena like quantum entanglement without resorting to concepts that would defy Einstein's special relativity.

The notion of a qubit, the cornerstone of quantum computing, is central to this revolution. Unlike classical bits, qubits can exist in a superposition state, enabling much faster and more complex calculations. This advantage directly arises from quantum entanglement, a phenomenon where linked particles behave in a correlated manner, regardless of the distance separating them.

What makes this correlation particularly troubling is that it seems to occur faster than the speed of light, thus challenging special relativity. However, quantum information theorists, using the principle of relativity, suggest that entanglement might be explained without violating this fundamental theory.

By analyzing the spin of electrons, they show how a particle in a superposition state respects the principle of relativity while being capable of producing unexpected but consistent measurement results with the absence of "hidden forces." This approach thus avoids the "spooky action at a distance" that Einstein found problematic.

The convergence of quantum mechanics and relativity, if confirmed, could not only resolve an old debate but also open new horizons for the quantum technology of tomorrow.