🛰️ Barely launched, a military satellite hit in space

Barely launched, the Spanish military satellite SpainSat NG-2 was hit during its transit to geostationary orbit. This unexpected collision is already affecting its ability to provide protected communications. What are the origins of this event and how to respond? Contemporary satellites are built to withstand certain aggressions, but this case reveals that dangers persist.

Designed by Airbus for the Spanish Ministry of Defence, SpainSat NG-2 is part of a pair of satellites. Its launch, carried out in October 2025 by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, was intended to allow it to join its twin SpainSat NG-1, already operational, to establish an advanced communication network in Europe. Costing around 2 billion euros, these devices are intended for encrypted transmissions, essential for military and governmental operations. Their goal was to consolidate communication capabilities on the continent.


The event occurred at an altitude of approximately 31,000 miles (about 50,000 kilometers), beyond the established geostationary orbit at 22,236 miles (35,786 kilometers). According to Indra Group, the majority shareholder of Hisdesat which operates the satellite, a "space particle" struck the device during its transfer phase. Initial information shows that the impact occurred at a delicate moment, while the satellite was fine-tuning its trajectory to its final position. This unusual case raises the question of the presence of unlisted objects at such altitudes.

To react, Hisdesat immediately implemented a contingency plan. This system aims to ensure service continuity for the Ministry of Defence and other users. Currently, technical teams are scrutinizing the data they have to assess the extent of the damage. This expertise will condition future decisions, including the possibility of replacing the craft.

Geostationary orbits are preferred for communication satellites because they offer fixed coverage of a terrestrial area. An impact at such a high altitude remains rare and could reveal the existence of undetected debris. This fact reminds us that space, contrary to appearances, contains many particles and objects that can threaten missions. Monitoring these areas is becoming a priority challenge for space agencies.


If the damage proves too significant, SpainSat NG-2 could be replaced quickly. This choice will depend on the results of the ongoing expertise.

Geostationary orbits

Geostationary orbits are circular trajectories located at approximately 22,236 miles (35,786 kilometers) above the Earth's equator. At this distance, a satellite completes a full revolution in exactly 24 hours, which keeps it stationary relative to a point on the ground. This particularity is perfect for communications, since ground antennas do not need to move to follow it, guaranteeing an uninterrupted link.

Many telecommunication, meteorological, and broadcasting satellites use this orbit. It provides permanent coverage over large areas, like entire continents, facilitating daily services such as television or internet. To achieve this, spacecraft must perform precise maneuvers after launch, a process that can last several weeks and requires rigorous preparation.

However, the geostationary orbit is congested, with hundreds of active satellites and debris. Managing this space is fundamental to avoid collisions, as even a small object can cause considerable damage. International organizations monitor and coordinate positions to mitigate dangers, but this coordination remains a demanding task with the increase in launches.

Despite its advantages, this orbit has limitations, such as communication latency due to the distance. Furthermore, end-of-life satellites cannot be properly deorbited and must be moved to "graveyard orbits" to free up space and reduce congestion.

Transfer to geostationary orbit

After launch, SpainSat was not placed directly at 22,236 miles (35,786 km). It first followed an elliptical transfer orbit, with an apogee intentionally higher than the geostationary orbit. This trajectory is called a supersynchronous transfer orbit.

By reaching a higher apogee, the satellite's speed there is lower. Inclination and orbital plane corrections therefore cost less energy there. This allows fuel savings, a critical resource for the satellite's lifespan.

The fuel saved during station-keeping can be retained for maintaining position over several years. For a military satellite like SpainSat, operational longevity is a strategic parameter.