The use of cannabis, although legalized in several regions, raises questions about its effects on heart health. Recent studies point to an increased risk of heart attack among young adults.
Two major studies, including a meta-analysis involving over 75 million people, indicate that cannabis users under 50 may see their heart attack risk multiplied by six. These findings, published in JACC Advances and presented at the American College of Cardiology's annual scientific session, highlight potential dangers.
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The precise mechanisms by which cannabis affects the heart remain to be elucidated. Researchers point to heart rhythm disturbances and endothelial dysfunction, which can impair blood flow. One study included in the meta-analysis notes a peak in heart attack risk about one hour after consumption.
The authors emphasize the importance for clinicians to ask their patients about cannabis use. Lead study author Ibrahim Kamel compares this necessity to questioning about tobacco use, in order to fully assess cardiovascular risks.
Despite these findings, researchers acknowledge the limitations of their work, particularly the inability to account for all confounding factors. They call for prospective studies to confirm these results and identify the most at-risk populations.
A previous study, presented in 2023, had already established a link between daily cannabis use and an increased risk of coronary artery disease. These new findings reinforce the idea of cannabis having a significant impact on heart health.
The implications of this research are vast, both for individuals and public health policies. As cannabis gains popularity, a better understanding of its health effects proves crucial.
How can cannabis affect heart rhythm?
Cannabis contains active compounds, such as THC, which can influence the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating heart rhythm. These substances can cause rapid variations in heart rate, known as tachycardia.
Cannabis use can lead to a temporary increase in heart rate. This reaction is particularly notable in new users or with high doses.
Furthermore, cannabis can affect the heart's electrolyte balance, which may disrupt its normal functioning. These disturbances increase the risk of arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats that can be dangerous.
Finally, in predisposed individuals, these effects can trigger serious cardiac events, such as a heart attack. This explains why young adults, often considered healthy, may be particularly vulnerable.