Sugary drinks do more than just quench thirst: they pose a major threat to public health. A recent study reveals their alarming impact on chronic diseases worldwide.
Sodas and other sugary drinks are often perceived as harmless pleasures. However, their excessive consumption is linked to millions of cases of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases each year. A study published in Nature Medicine sheds light on this health crisis, which is particularly concerning in developing countries.
An underestimated global impact
Researchers from Tufts University analyzed data from 118 countries, covering nearly 87% of the world's population. Their results show that 2.2 million new cases of type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million cardiovascular diseases are directly attributable to these drinks each year.
These figures represent a significant portion of global cases, with marked regional variations. Low- and middle-income countries are the most affected, due to limited access to healthy alternatives and high exposure to industrial marketing.
Developing countries on the front line
In Colombia, nearly half of new diabetes cases are linked to sugary drinks. In Mexico, this figure reaches 30%, while in South Africa, it stands at 27.6%. These countries are bearing the brunt of excessive consumption, exacerbated by a lack of effective prevention policies.
a) Absolute incidence of type 2 diabetes attributable to sugary drinks. b) Absolute incidence of cardiovascular diseases attributable to sugary drinks. Values are expressed per 1 million adults and limited to 1,600 (a) and 600 (b).
In sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, sugary drinks contribute to more than 20% of new diabetes cases. These regions, already facing major health challenges, see their situation worsening with the increasing adoption of Western diets.
Concerning biological mechanisms
Sugary drinks are quickly digested, causing blood sugar spikes and insulin resistance. Their low nutritional value and high calorie content also promote weight gain and metabolic disorders.
These effects, accumulated over the long term, explain their close link to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Young adults and urban populations are particularly vulnerable, due to their increased exposure to these products.
Promising policy solutions
Some countries have already taken measures to limit the consumption of sugary drinks. Mexico, for example, introduced a tax in 2014, leading to a significant drop in sales. These initiatives show that targeted policies can have a positive impact.
However, the study's authors stress the need for global action. They advocate for higher taxes, clear labeling, and awareness campaigns to reduce consumption, especially in the most affected countries.
Towards international coordination
To effectively combat this scourge, a coordinated approach between governments, health organizations, and industry players is essential. Promoting healthy alternatives, such as drinking water, must also be a priority.
Researchers are calling for urgent mobilization to prevent millions of avoidable deaths. Without swift action, sugary drinks will continue to heavily burden global health systems.