The chemical footprint of tobacco left in our bones 🦴

Can a bone still tell the story of a smoker, centuries after their death? Yes, according to a new British study. Archaeologists in Leicester reveal an unexpected tobacco imprint on our skeleton.

Advanced technology now allows us to analyze invisible traces in our bones. This could revolutionize our understanding of the historical impacts of smoking.


Researchers examined human skeletal remains from periods before and after the introduction of tobacco in Europe. By comparing samples, they noticed significant differences in the molecular composition of the bones.

Traditionally, archaeologists identified smokers by analyzing teeth, looking for marks left by pipes or tobacco. But what can be done when the teeth are no longer present?

The answer lies in the bones. By focusing on cortical bone, the outer layer of bones, scientists were able to observe chemical modifications in smokers. This more precise method could change how we think about osteoarchaeology.

Smokers' bones are distinguished by 45 specific molecular characteristics. These data provide a new perspective for analyzing the behaviors and lifestyles of ancient populations.

Among the groundbreaking discoveries: scientists also found that tobacco use was not limited to men. Many women and adolescents also smoked during that time.

This research could not only enrich our historical understanding, but also offer new clues to help prevent musculoskeletal diseases related to tobacco use.

What is cortical bone and how does it react to tobacco?

Cortical bone is the dense outer layer surrounding long, short, and flat bones. Accounting for about 80% of bone mass, it ensures strength and protects the more spongy interior of the bones. Its role is critical in supporting body weight and absorbing physical impacts.

Tobacco affects cortical bone by leaving distinct molecular traces. Chemical changes are visible in the composition of this bone, even after centuries. These modifications can reveal individuals' lifestyles, such as smoking habits, and the risks associated with certain musculoskeletal diseases.

The researchers identified 45 distinct molecular characteristics in smokers. This shows the impact of tobacco on bone health and could explain why smoking is linked to increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures.

Why does smoking weaken bones?

Smoking directly affects bone health by reducing bone mineral density, which increases their fragility. The toxic components of tobacco, such as nicotine, interfere with calcium absorption, which is essential for maintaining strong bones. Gradually, this weakens the bone structure.

Moreover, tobacco consumption disrupts the production of hormones essential for bone regeneration, particularly estrogen. As a result, the formation of new bone tissue is slowed. Smokers are therefore at higher risk of fractures, especially in the spine, hips, and wrists.