ChatGPT: the secret weapon for struggling students?

The rise of AI tools like ChatGPT is raising many questions, particularly concerning their impact on young people's learning. A recent study conducted in Sweden has explored how these technologies influence the executive functions of adolescents.


Researchers studied the correlation between the use of generative AI and executive functions in young people, especially those facing challenges in this area. They found that adolescents with difficulties in executive functions found AI chatbots particularly useful for completing their homework. These tools could thus compensate for cognitive weaknesses that affect their academic success.

However, this assistance is not without risk. Excessive use of AI could slow the development of students' executive functions, the researchers warned. They emphasize the need to study the long-term effects of this technology before fully integrating it into schools.

Two studies were conducted with young people aged 12 to 19 in schools in southern Sweden. The rate of chatbot use varied significantly with age, ranging from 15% among the youngest to 53% among high school students. This difference could be explained by more complex assignments for older students, requiring more assistance.

The results also show that students struggling with executive functions find these AI tools particularly useful. They derive greater efficiency for their schoolwork, highlighting the importance of these tools for this specific group.

However, an ethical question arises: where to draw the line between assistance and cheating? According to the researchers, the intention and scope of AI usage should determine this boundary. A thoughtful and critical use of these tools could be legitimate, provided that students contribute their own understanding to the generated content.

Finally, the researchers call for a more rigorous digital education, with clear guidelines for AI use. They also recommend training teachers to identify and support students struggling with executive functions.

What are executive functions?

Executive functions are a set of cognitive processes that allow for planning, decision-making, impulse control, and managing thoughts and actions. They are essential for succeeding in complex tasks.

These functions include working memory, which helps retain temporary information, inhibitory control, which allows filtering distractions and resisting impulses, and cognitive flexibility, which helps adapt to changing situations.

Difficulties with executive functions can result in problems with concentration, organization, and time management, potentially impacting academic success and daily life.