☀️ A powerful class X solar flare disrupts communications in Europe and Africa

A few days ago, Europe and Africa were hit by unexpected radio disturbances, surprising communication operators. The origin of these brief but intense interruptions lies in the sky: our star.

Solar activity is indeed currently experiencing a remarkable peak, with the occurrence of a flare of exceptional power. This phenomenon illustrates the Sun's dynamics, where particular regions on its surface can release enormous amounts of energy.


The flare in question, classified as X4.2, originates from an area called sunspot AR4366. Since its appearance, this region has produced several similar flares, showing erratic behavior.

These X-class flares, which are the strongest, can affect communications on Earth. They occur when intense magnetic fields on the Sun's surface reconnect, releasing energy in the form of radiation. Fortunately, this event was not accompanied by a significant coronal mass ejection.

The responsible sunspot is immense, measuring about fifteen times the width of Earth. Its size allows it to be observed from our planet using solar eclipse glasses, offering a direct view of its structure. Amateur astronomers have thus been able to capture detailed images.

Despite the power of the flares, the effects on Earth remain limited for now. Scientists are closely monitoring this region, as it could still evolve. Minor disturbances to Earth's magnetic field are possible, but nothing major is expected immediately.

How to classify solar flares

Solar flares are categorized into classes based on their power, ranging from A to X. Class A represents the weakest, almost imperceptible ones, while classes B, C, and M indicate increasing intensity. Each class is divided into numbered sub-levels, for example M1 or X2, to refine the measurement.

Class X is the most energetic, with values that can exceed X10 during extreme events. These flares release radiation that travels at the speed of light, reaching Earth in a few minutes. They can ionize the upper atmosphere, disrupting radio signals and communications.

This classification helps scientists assess risks to satellites and power grids. It is based on the observation of X-ray and ultraviolet radiation emitted by the Sun. Space instruments like those from NASA provide real-time data for these analyses.

Why are sunspots dark?

Sunspots appear as dark areas on the Sun's surface because they are slightly cooler than their surroundings. Their temperature is around 3500 degrees Celsius, compared to 5500 degrees for the neighboring regions. This difference makes them less bright, creating a visible contrast.

These structures form when intense magnetic fields emerge from inside the Sun, inhibiting heat convection. Hot plasma struggles to rise to the surface, which locally lowers the temperature. Sunspots can persist for days or weeks, evolving in size and shape.

Observing sunspots is accessible with simple equipment, such as solar filters or eclipse glasses. They offer a direct way to study the magnetic activity of our star. Astronomers track their development to predict flares and other phenomena.