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In recent weeks, some regions of India have approached 122°F (50°C), an almost unbelievable temperature, and in the most populous country in the world. Our Earth is warming, and a question arises: how high a temperature can the human body withstand... before it gives out?
Image Pixabay
The human body, a thermoregulated machine
Your body is designed to function at a very precise internal temperature: around 98.6°F (37°C). As soon as it gets too hot around you, it triggers a series of mechanisms to cool down: sweating, dilation of blood vessels, slowing of physical activity...
But these mechanisms have limits. If the external heat is too intense, and especially if humidity is high, your body can no longer dissipate heat. Body temperature rises, which can lead to discomfort or even heatstroke, a medical emergency.
The "critical" temperature: a tipping point
Studies have shown that a healthy human cannot remain exposed for long to what is called a critical wet-bulb temperature of 95°F (35°C) (meaning 95°F with 100% humidity). Under these conditions, even at rest, the body can no longer cool itself: it essentially "cooks" from the inside.
In reality, in real life, this limit is reached earlier, at around 88-91°F (31-33°C) wet-bulb temperature, depending on health, age, and environment.
What about "dry" temperature?
It is possible to survive for a few hours at 122°F (50°C), or even slightly higher, if the air is very dry and you are well-hydrated, at rest, and in the shade. But with the slightest exertion, or if the air becomes humid, the risk quickly becomes critical.
Here's how to protect yourself from extreme heat:
- Drink water regularly, even if not thirsty
- Stay in the shade or in ventilated or air-conditioned places
- Wear light and light-colored clothing
- Avoid any physical activity during the hottest hours
Thus, the human body is resilient, but not invincible. It's not just the temperature in degrees that matters, but also humidity, sun exposure, and physical activity.