This new severe syndrome linked to COVID-19 puzzles researchers

Researchers have uncovered a new health threat associated with COVID-19. A newly discovered autoimmune syndrome could lead to severe complications, particularly for the lungs.


Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors and researchers have observed various long-term consequences of coronavirus infection. Among these effects, autoimmune disorders have been identified, highlighting the complex interactions between the virus and our immune system. Recent studies reveal the emergence of a new rare but severe autoimmune syndrome.

This syndrome, named MIP-C (MDA5-autoimmunity and interstitial pneumonitis contemporaneous with the COVID-19), is characterized by the immune system attacking the body itself. Dr. Dennis McGonagle from the University of Leeds and his team have identified 60 cases of this syndrome, detailed in a recent publication in eBioMedicine. The disease bears similarities to MDA5 dermatomyositis but predominantly affects people of European descent, unlike the traditional form which primarily impacts women of Asian origin.

MIP-C involves the presence of anti-MDA5 antibodies, a protein normally involved in the detection of RNA viruses like COVID-19. These antibodies induce inflammation that can severely damage the lungs, sometimes necessitating a lung transplant. A study conducted by Dr. Pradipta Ghosh from the University of California highlighted abnormal activity of the IFIH1 gene in MIP-C patients, leading to excessive production of the inflammatory protein IL-15.

The sudden emergence of numerous cases in 2021 suggests that massive exposure to COVID-19 may have played a role. Researchers believe that contact with the coronavirus RNA could trigger the production of anti-MDA5 antibodies in some people, thus causing the disease. However, they have not established a direct link between COVID-19 vaccines and the appearance of MIP-C, emphasizing instead the importance of monitoring the long-term effects of the virus itself.

Recognition of this syndrome has significant implications for physicians. MIP-C may require specific interventions and careful monitoring of patients with COVID-19 or those who have been exposed to the virus. The decrease in observed cases in 2022 might indicate a gradual adaptation of the immune system or a reduction in viral exposures thanks to public health measures and vaccinations.

Researchers continue to study this syndrome to better understand why some people are more vulnerable to this immune response. Specific genetic sequences seem to protect some individuals from excessive inflammatory response, opening up prospects for targeted treatments in the future.