Scientists uncover these unexpected health benefits of plants

A new study led by Tilman Kühn of the Public Health Center of MedUni Vienna reveals that adopting a plant-based diet can not only help prevent type 2 diabetes but can also improve metabolism and liver and kidney functions. Published in the journal Diabetes & Metabolism, this research marks a first in identifying the benefits of a plant-centric diet on metabolic health and organ function.


The study involved 113,097 participants as part of the large-scale UK Biobank study, over a twelve-year observational period. The scientists discovered that the benefits of a healthy plant-based diet extend beyond reducing body fat percentage and waist circumference. According to their analysis, a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as whole foods, can reduce the risk of diabetes by 24%, even in individuals with a genetic predisposition or other risk factors such as obesity, advanced age, or a lack of physical activity.

However, an unhealthy plant-based diet, rich in sweets, refined cereals, and sugary drinks, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The researchers identified key biomarkers related to central metabolic processes and organ functions that explain these protective effects. Normal values for blood lipids (triglycerides), blood sugar (HbA1c), inflammatory parameters (CRP), and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) are associated with a low risk of diabetes.

The study also highlights the importance of full liver and kidney function in preventing diabetes. These organs play a significant role in individuals already suffering from diabetes. The researchers found that a healthy plant-based diet improves liver and kidney function, thus reducing the risk of diabetes.

Tilman Kühn, Professor of Public Health Nutrition at MedUni Vienna and the University of Vienna, emphasizes that this research is the first to demonstrate that the health benefits of a plant-based diet go beyond known factors, providing previously underestimated advantages for vital organ function.

Thus, the study underscores the positive impact of a healthy plant-based diet, not only on diabetes prevention but also in enhancing metabolism and liver and kidney functions. It's important to note that the effectiveness of this diet depends on the quality of foods consumed, preferring fresh and whole products over processed and sugary foods.