🧠 These "super-seniors" have unbeatable memory: here's their secret

Some octogenarians have memories as sharp as people thirty years younger. Their exceptional brains are gradually revealing their mysteries to scientists.

For twenty-five years, a longitudinal study conducted by Northwestern University has been examining a unique group: "SuperAgers" (translate: super-seniors). These individuals over 80 years old exhibit remarkable memory capabilities, contradicting the idea of inevitable cognitive decline. Their brain and behavioral characteristics offer valuable insights for understanding neural resilience.

Distinctive brain characteristics

Brain imaging of SuperAgers reveals surprising preservation of the cortex. This outer layer of the brain, typically thinning with age, shows no significant atrophy in them. A specific region, the anterior cingulate cortex, involved in motivation and cognitive integration, is even thicker than in younger adults.

Post-mortem examination of 77 brains has highlighted unique cellular traits. SuperAgers possess a greater density of von Economo neurons, specialized cells linked to social cognition. Their entorhinal neurons, essential for memory, also show above-average development.

The research identifies two main neurobiological mechanisms. Some brains completely resist amyloid plaques and tau tangles, markers of Alzheimer's disease. Others demonstrate resilience, hosting these pathologies but without suffering their deleterious effects on memory.

Beyond biology: the role of sociability

Behavioral observations show a striking constant among these seniors. They generally maintain a rich and active social life with strong interpersonal relationships. This sociability could constitute a protective factor for the brain, although its exact influence remains to be specified.

Researchers hypothesize a virtuous cycle. Constant social stimulation could maintain neural networks and promote neuroplasticity. The increased presence of von Economo neurons, associated with interactions, could be both a cause and a consequence of this lifestyle.

These discoveries open perspectives for future interventions. Understanding the biological foundations of this resistance offers targets for developing therapies. The goal is to promote healthy brain aging for the greatest number, drawing inspiration from these exceptional models.