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A recent study conducted by the University of the West of England sheds light on the contrasting effects of natural and human-made sounds. Researchers asked 68 volunteers to listen to distinct soundscapes: a pure natural environment, one altered by traffic noise at low speed (18.6 mph [30 km/h]), and another with higher-speed noise (37.3 mph [60 km/h]).
The results are clear. Exclusive exposure to natural sounds reduces stress and anxiety while improving recovery from stressful situations. Conversely, when natural sounds are combined with traffic noise, these benefits are diminished, with a more pronounced impact as vehicle speeds increase.
Why is this the case? Human-made sounds, such as road traffic, often dominate urban soundscapes. By masking the sounds of nature, they disrupt our ability to relax, thereby increasing stress levels.
This observation aligns with broader trends. Previous studies have already shown that natural sounds, such as waves or birdsong, help reduce blood pressure and stabilize heart rate. Traffic noise, on the other hand, has been linked to increased sleep disturbances and even symptoms of depression.
For researchers, one of the simplest solutions lies in reducing vehicle speeds, particularly in urban areas. This would not only enhance safety but also help preserve a sound environment more conducive to well-being.
Additionally, they advocate for redesigning public spaces to promote acoustic immersion in nature. Adding green spaces or natural sound corridors could mitigate the harmful effects of urban noise.
These findings, published in PLOS ONE, highlight the importance of considering sound as a key component of our environment. As cities continue to expand, restoring the presence of natural sounds is not just a luxury but a necessity for our mental health.
On an individual level, simple practices such as a walk in the forest or by the sea could already serve as a beneficial escape from the noise pollution of urban life.
Why do natural sounds calm our minds?
Natural sounds, such as birdsong or the murmur of waves, have a direct impact on our nervous system. By activating the parasympathetic system, they slow down heart rate and lower blood pressure.
These sounds also stimulate the release of dopamine, a hormone associated with well-being, thereby promoting a relaxed state. Conversely, urban noises often trigger a stress response, activating the sympathetic nervous system.
Natural soundscapes act as "micro-breaks" for the brain, reducing activity in areas associated with anxiety and enhancing concentration.
In cities, integrating green spaces where natural sounds prevail could provide an essential auditory refuge, beneficial for both mental and physical health.