A universal diagnostic test for all infectious diseases, known and unknown, in a single test 🧪

The identification of infectious diseases often remains a test of patience, hindered by limited specific tests.

However, researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have demonstrated that a unique tool based on next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) could transform this paradigm. Unlike traditional tests that target one pathogen at a time, this method analyzes all the DNA and RNA contained in a biological sample.


The idea is based on an ingenious principle: extracting all the genetic material from a sample—be it blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or respiratory fluid—and comparing it to a database of thousands of pathogens. Within a few hours, the test can establish an exact match and identify the culprit.

A study published in Nature Medicine explored the effectiveness of this approach on central nervous system infections, such as encephalitis or meningitis. Between 2016 and 2023, over 4,800 samples were analyzed, enabling precise diagnoses in 86% of cases. These particularly severe conditions require rapid intervention to minimize the risk of complications.

Beyond neurological infections, an additional application of the technology has been tested for respiratory diseases like pneumonia. Published in Nature Communications, this study also demonstrated promising results, especially thanks to the automation of the process. This reduces the analysis time, making the method even more accessible in emergency situations.

Another major advantage of the technique lies in its capacity to detect previously unknown pathogens. Researchers view this as a key tool for identifying potential pandemic-risk viruses in a world where environmental disruptions promote the emergence of new infectious diseases.

However, this innovation raises questions about accessibility. Currently, mNGS is available in specialized laboratories like the one at Delve Bio, the company commercializing the technology. With results available in two days, this service could become a standard for complex clinical cases.

As researchers continue to explore the expanded applications of mNGS, this technology marks a turning point in medical diagnostics. In the near future, it could completely reshape the management of infectious diseases, whether they are common or emerging.

What is next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS)?

Next-generation metagenomic sequencing, or mNGS, is a recent technique in medical microbiology. Unlike traditional tests that target a specific pathogen, mNGS analyzes all the genetic material—DNA and RNA—contained in a biological sample.

This method works by comparing the genetic sequences obtained with an extensive database grouping thousands of pathogens. It enables precise identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites present in the sample.

One of the major benefits of mNGS is its ability to detect rare or unknown pathogens. This capability is essential for quickly identifying emerging threats, such as new viruses with pandemic potential.

Finally, the automation of the process makes mNGS particularly fast, with results accessible within a few hours to a few days, paving the way for more effective diagnoses and treatments.