A monkey that was previously confused with other African colobus monkeys has just been officially described as a new species. Named Colobus congoensis, it lives in the forests of east-central Democratic Republic of the Congo. Local people call it Likweli.
Its recognition required more than ten years of research. The first observations date back to 2008, but scientists then gathered field data, recordings of calls, and genetic analyses. Together, these allowed them to clearly distinguish this animal from its close relatives.
Living colobus monkeys of the species Colobus congoensis (A and B), in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and C. satanas (C and D), in Gabon.
Between 2018 and 2022, the team recorded 114 observations. The species is elusive and lives in the canopy, which makes studies difficult. Its black coat, its orange to cream mask around the face, and certain vocal cues help with its identification.
The analyses place this animal among the African primates of the genus Colobus. They indicate a relationship with the black colobus, though it lives over 1,200 km away. This geographic separation shows just how incompletely the evolutionary history of Congolese forests is still documented.
The known range of the species covers about 1,700 km² between the Lomami and Lualaba rivers. Such a small area can make a population vulnerable to deforestation and hunting. The authors therefore recommend quickly assessing its conservation status.
The discovery does not mean the animal has just appeared. Rather, it reflects that an existing population has finally been studied with enough precision to receive a scientific name. This is an important step for organizing its protection.
The Congo Basin harbors a still poorly known biodiversity, despite growing pressure on its habitats. Researchers note that surveys conducted with local communities remain essential. They could reveal other species and better guide conservation priorities.