Chronologie de l'accident de la navette spatiale Challenger

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Introduction

La chronologie de la mission STS-51-L est la chronologie détaillée des événements depuis l'allumage des moteurs principaux de challengers jusqu'à la destruction des deux propulseurs d'appoint à poudre, et comprend une transcription des conversations de l'équipage à partir de l'enregistreur de voix (Cockpit Voice Recorder) à bord de l'Orbiteur.

STS-51-L était le vingt-cinquième vol du programme navette spatiale, marqué par le premier vol civil à bord de la navette spatiale. La mission utilisait la navette spatiale Challenger, qui a décollé de l'aire de lancement 39B du Centre spatial Kennedy, en Floride en 1986. La mission s'est terminée en catastrophe, par la destruction de Challenger 73 secondes après le décollage en raison de la défaillance d'un joint torique sur le propulseur d'appoint à poudre de droite de Challenger, ce qui a conduit à la désintégration rapide de la navette en raison de l'écrasante pression aérodynamique resultante. Les sept membres de l'équipage ont été tués peu de temps après l'éclatement du véhicule.

Légende

Voici la légende des acronymes utilisés :

  • APU - Auxilixary Power Unit, générateur auxiliaire
  • ET - External Tank, le réservoir externe
  • GPC - General Purpose Computer, ordinateur principal
  • HPFT - High Pressure Fuel Turbopump, pompe à carburant hautement pressurisée
  • LH2 - Liquid Hydrogen, hydrogène liquide
  • LO2 ou LOX - Liquid Oxygen, oxygène liquide
  • MEC - Main Engine Controller, contrôleur du moteur principal
  • PIC - Pyrotechnics Initiator Controller, contrôleur de la pyrotechnie
  • psf - Pounds per square foot, pounds par pied au carré
  • psi - Pounds per square inch, pounds par inch au carré
  • RCS - Reaction Control System, système de contrôle
  • CVR - Cockpit Voice Recorder, enregistreur de l'habitacle de la navette
  • MET - Mission Elapsed Time, temps en secondes depuis le décollage

Chronologie

Temps (UTC) (heure:minute:seconde)Mission Elapsed Time (MET) (en secondes)ÉvènementSource
16:37:53.444-6.566Commande d'ignition du SSME-3.GPC
16:37:53.564-6.446Commande d'ignition du SSME-2.GPC
16:37:53.684-6.326Commande d'ignition du SSME-1.GPC
16:37:54-6CDR: "There they go guys!"

MS2: "All right!" CDR: "Three at a hundred."		CVR
16:38:000MS2 "Aall riight!"CVR
16:38:00.0100.000Commande d'ignition du SRB.GPC
16:38:00.0180.008Holddown Post 2 PIC firing.Appareil photographique E8
16:38:00.2600.250First continuous vertical motion.Appareil photographique E9
The O-rings in the right-hand SRB field joint fail.
16:38:00.6880.678First confirmed puff of smoke appears above SRB/ET attachment ring field joint on right-hand SRB.Appareil photographique E60
16:38:00.8460.836Eight puffs of smoke appear above field joint, lasting from t+0.836 to t+2.5 seconds MET.Appareil photographique E63
16:38:011PLT "Here we go."CVR
16:38:02.7432.733Dernière preuve de fumée provenant du joint.Appareil photographique CZR-1
A solid-fuel 'plug' seals the gap formed by the O-ring 'blow-by'.
16:38:03.3853.375Dernière preuve de fumée.Appareil photographique E60
16:38:04.3494.339SSMEs throttled up to 104%E41M2076D
16:38:05.6845.674Right-hand SRB pressure 11.8 psi above normal.B47P2302C
16:38:077CDR: "Houston, Challenger - Roll program."CVR
16:38:07.7347.724Roll program initiated.V90R5301C
16:38:1111PLT: "Go you Mother!"CVR
16:38:1414MS1: "LVLH"CVR
16:38:1515MS2: "(Expletive) hot!"CVR
16:38:1616CDR: "Ooohh-kaaay."CVR
16:38:1919PLT: "Looks like we've got a lotta wind here today."CVR
16:38:19.86919.859SSMEs throttled back to 94%E41M2076D
16:38:2020CDR: "Yeah."CVR
16:38:21.13421.124Roll program completed.VP0R5301C
16:38:2222CDR: "It's a little hard to see out my window here."CVR
16:38:2828PLT: "There's ten thousand feet and Mach point five."CVR
16:38:3030[Garble]CVR
16:38:3535CDR: "Point nine."CVR
16:38:35.38935.379SSMEs throttled back to 65%E41M2076D
16:38:37.00036.990Roll and Yaw Attitude Response to wind shear (36.990 to 62.990 sec).V95H352nC
The solid fuel 'plug' is dislodged.
16:38:4040PLT: "There's Mach one."CVR
16:38:4141CDR: "Going through nineteen thousand."CVR
16:38:4343CDR: "OK, we're throttling down."CVR
16:38:51.87051.860SSMEs throttled up to 104%E41M2076D
16:38:5757CDR: "Throttling up."CVR
16:38:5858PLT: "Throttle up."CVR
16:38:58.79858.788First evidence of flame on right-hand SRB.Appareil photographique E207
16:38:5959CDR: "Roger."CVR
16:38:59.01059.000Reconstructed Max Q (720 psf)Best estimated trajectory
16:38:59.27259.262Continuous well defined plume of flame on right-hand SRB.Appareil photographique E207
16:38:59.76359.753Flame from right-hand SRB in downwards direction (seen from south side of vehicle).Appareil photographique E204
16:38:6060PLT: "Feel that mother go!"

"Woooohoooo!"		CVR
16:39:00.01460.238Pressures in right- and left-hand SRBs begin to diverge.B47P2302
16:39:00.24860.238First evidence of intermittent plume deflection.Appareil photographique E207
16:39:00.25860.248First evidence of SRB plume attaching to ET ring frame.Appareil photographique E203
16:39:00.99860.988First evidence of continuous plume deflection.Appareil photographique E207
16:39:01.73461.724Peak roll rate in response to wind shear.V90R5301C
16:39:0262PLT: "Thirty-five thousand going through one point five."CVR
16:39:02.09462.084Peak TVC response to wind shear.B58H1150C
16:39:02.41462.404Peak yaw response to wind shear.V90R5341C
16:39:02.49462.484Right-hand outboard elevon actuator hinge moment spike.V58P0966C
16:39:03.93463.924RH outboard elevon actuator delta pressure change.V58P0966C
16:39:03.97463.964Start of planned pitch rate manoeuvre.V90R5321C
The plume of flame burns through the LH2 tank in the ET.
16:39:04.67064.660Change in anomalous plume shape (LH2 tank leak near 2058 ring frame).Appareil photographique E204
16:39:04.71564.705Bright sustained glow on sides of ETAppareil photographique E204
16:39:04.94764.937Start SSME gimbal angle large pitch variationsV58H1100A
16:39:0565CDR: "Reading four eighty six on mine."CVR
16:39:05.17465.164Beginning of transient motion due to changes in aero forces due to plume.V90R5321C
16:39:06.77466.764Start ET LH2 ullage pressure deviations.T41P1700C
16:39:0767PLT: "Yep, that's what I've got, too."CVR
16:39:1070CDR: "Roger, go at throttle up." (Last transmission on air-to-ground voice loop).CVR
The flame burns through the lower attachment strut on the right-hand SRB, causing the SRB to move away from the ET.
16:39:12.21472.204Left- and right-hand SRB yaw rates begin to diverge.V90R2528C
16:39:12.29472.284Left- and right-hand SRB pitch rates begin to diverge.V90R2525C
16:39:12.48872.478SRB major high-rate actuator command.V79H2111A
16:39:12.50772.497SSME roll gimball rates 5 deg/sec.V58H1100A
16:39:12.53572.525Vehicle max +Y lateral acceleration (+.227 g).V98A1581C
16:39:12.57472.564SRB major high-rate actuator motion.B58H1151C
16:39:12.57472.564Start of H2 tank pressure decrease with 2 flow control valves open.T41P1700C
16:39:12.63472.624Last state vector downlinked.Data reduction
16:39:12.97472.964Start of sharp MPS LOX inlet pressure drop.V41P1330C
16:39:1373PLT: "Uh-oh..."CVR
16:39:13.02073.010Last full computer frame of TDRS data.Data reduction
16:39:13.05473.044Start of sharp MPS LH2 inlet pressure drop.V41P1100C
16:39:13.05573.045Vehicle max -Y lateral accelerarion (-.254 g).V98A1581C
Challenger begins to disintegrate.
16:39:13.13473.124Circumferential white pattern on ET aft dome (LH2 tank failure). The bottom of the ET is open and liquid hydrogen spills.Appareil photographique E204
16:39:13.13473.124Right-hand SRB pressure 19 psi lower than left-hand SRBB47P2302C
16:39:13.14773.137First hint of vapour at intertank.Appareil photographique E207
16:39:13.15373.143All engine systems start responding to loss of fuel and LOX inlet pressure.SSME team
16:39:13.17273.162Sudden cloud along ET between intertank and aft dome. The right booster slams into the ET just as the LH2 tank is thrust into the oxygen tank.Appareil photographique E207
16:39:13.20173.191Flash between Orbiter & LH2 tank.Appareil photographique E204
16:39:13.22173.211SSME telemetry data interference from 73.211 to 73.303.Data reduction
16:39:13.22373.213Flash near SRB forward attachment strut and brightening of flash between Orbiter and ETAppareil photographique E204
16:39:13.29273.282First indication intense white flash at SRB fwd attach point.Appareil photographique E204
16:39:13.33773.327Greatly increased intensity of white flash.Appareil photographique E204
16:39:13.38773.377Start of RCS jet chamber pressure fluctuations.V42P1552A
16:39:13.39373.383All engines approaching HPFT discharge temp redline limits.E41Tn010D
16:39:13.49273.482ME-2 HPFT discharge temperature. Channel A votes for shutdown; 2 strikes on Channel B.MEC data
16:39:13.49273.482SSME-2 controller last time word update.MEC data
16:39:13.51373.503SSME-3 in shutdown due to HPFT discharge temperature redline exceedance.MEC data
16:39:13.51373.503SSME-3 controller last time word update.MEC data
16:39:13.53373.523SSME-1 in shutdown due to HPFT discharge temperature redline exceedance.Calculation
16:39:13.55373.543SSME-1 last telemetered data point.Calculation
16:39:13.62873.618Last validated Orbiter telemetry measurement.V46P0120A
16:39:13.64173.631End of last reconstructured data frame with valid synchronization and frame count.Data reduction
16:39:14.14074.130Last radio frequency signal from OrbiterData reduction
Loss of downlink - Challenger is lost.
16:39:14.59774.587Bright flash in vicinity of Orbiter nose.Appareil photographique E204
16:39:16.44776.437Right-hand SRB nose cap separation & parachute deployment.Appareil photographique E207
16:39:50.260110.250Destruction of right-hand SRB via Range Safety System.E202 Camera.
16:39:50.262110.252Destruction of left-hand SRB via Range Safety System.Appareil photographique E230