Comète périodique - Définition
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Introduction
La comète de Halley lors de son passage en 1986
Une comète périodique est une comète qui a été observée à plus d'un périhélie et/ou qui a une période orbitale inférieure à 200 ans.
Les comètes périodiques ne reçoivent pas de désignation numérique avant d'avoir été observées à plus d'un périhélie. Dans quasiment tous les cas, les comètes sont nommées d'après leurs découvreurs (dans le cas de 2P/Encke et 27P/Crommelin, il s'agit de la personne ayant calculé leur orbite). Les orbites des comètes périodiques sont particulièrement difficiles à calculer à cause des perturbations possibles des planètes. Mais même dans ce cas, la trace de certaines comètes périodiques peut être perdue par suite d'un dégazage ou d'une fragmentation.
Liste des comètes périodiques numérotées
| Comète | Découvreur(s) | Année de découverte | Période orbitale |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1P/Halley | Halley | 1758 | 76,09 a |
| 2P/Encke | Encke | 1786 | 3,30 a |
| 3D/Biela | Biela | 1826 | 6,619 a |
| 4P/Faye | Faye | 1843 | 7,545 a |
| 5D/Brorsen | Brorsen | 1846 | 5,461 a |
| 6P/d'Arrest | d'Arrest | ||
| 7P/Pons-Winnecke | Pons & Winnecke | ||
| 8P/Tuttle | Tuttle | 1858 | 13,58 a |
| 9P/Tempel (Tempel 1) | Tempel | ||
| 10P/Tempel (Tempel 2) | Tempel | ||
| 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR | Tempel & Swift & LINEAR | ||
| 12P/Pons-Brooks | Pons & Brooks | ||
| 13P/Olbers | Olbers | ||
| 14P/Wolf | Wolf | ||
| 15P/Finlay | Finlay | ||
| 16P/Brooks (Brooks 2) | Brooks | ||
| 17P/Holmes | Holmes | ||
| 18D/Perrine-Mrkos | Perrine & Mrkos | ||
| 19P/Borrelly | Borrelly | ||
| 20D/Westphal | Westphal | ||
| 21P/Giacobini-Zinner | Giacobini & Zinner | ||
| 22P/Kopff | Kopff | ||
| 23P/Brorsen-Metcalf | Brorsen & Metcalf | ||
| 24P/Schaumasse | Schaumasse | ||
| 25D/Neujmin (Neujmin 2) | Neujmin | ||
| 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup | Grigg & Skjellerup | 1902 et 1922 | 5,31 a |
| 27P/Crommelin | Crommelin | ||
| 28P/Neujmin (Neujmin 1) | Neujmin | ||
| 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann (Schwassmann-Wachmann 1) | Schwassmann & Wachmann | ||
| 30P/Reinmuth (Reinmuth 1) | Reinmuth | ||
| 31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann (Schwassmann-Wachmann 2) | Schwassmann & Wachmann | ||
| 32P/Comas Solá | Comas Solá | ||
| 33P/Daniel | Daniel | ||
| 34D/Gale | Gale | ||
| 35P/Herschel-Rigollet | Herschel & Rigollet | ||
| 36P/Whipple | Whipple | ||
| 37P/Forbes | Forbes | ||
| 38P/Stephan-Oterma | Stephan & Oterma | ||
| 39P/Oterma | Oterma | ||
| 40P/Väisälä (Väisälä 1) | Väisälä | ||
| 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák | Tuttle & Giacobini & Kresák | ||
| 42P/Neujmin (Neujmin 3) | Neujmin | ||
| 43P/Wolf-Harrington | Wolf & Harrington | ||
| 44P/Reinmuth (Reinmuth 2) | Reinmuth | ||
| 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdušáková | Honda & Mrkos & Pajdušáková | ||
| 46P/Wirtanen | Wirtanen | ||
| 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson | Ashbrook & Jackson | ||
| 48P/Johnson | Johnson | ||
| 49P/Arend-Rigaux | Arend & Rigaux | ||
| 50P/Arend | Arend | ||
| 51P/Harrington | Harrington | ||
| 52P/Harrington-Abell | Harrington & Abell | ||
| 53P/Van Biesbroeck | Van Biesbroeck | ||
| 54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT | de Vico & Swift & NEAT | ||
| 55P/Tempel-Tuttle | Tempel & Tuttle | ||
| 56P/Slaughter-Burnham | Slaughter & Burnham | ||
| 57P/du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte | du Toit & Neujmin & Delporte | ||
| 58P/Jackson-Neujmin | Jackson & Neujmin | ||
| 59P/Kearns-Kwee | Kearns & Kwee | ||
| 60P/Tsuchinshan (Tsuchinshan 2) | Tsuchinshan | ||
| 61P/Shajn-Schaldach | Shajn & Schaldach | ||
| 62P/Tsuchinshan (Tsuchinshan 1) | Tsuchinshan | ||
| 63P/Wild (Wild 1) | Wild | ||
| 64P/Swift-Gehrels | Swift & Gehrels | ||
| 65P/Gunn | Gunn | ||
| 66P/du Toit | du Toit | ||
| 67P/Tchourioumov-Guerassimenko | Tchourioumov & Guerassimenko | ||
| 68P/Klemola | Klemola | ||
| 69P/Taylor | Taylor | ||
| 70P/Kojima | Kojima | ||
| 71P/Clark | Clark | ||
| 72P/Denning-Fujikawa | Denning & Fujikawa | ||
| 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann (Schwassmann-Wachmann 3) | Schwassmann & Wachmann | ||
| 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh | Smirnova & Chernykh | ||
| 75D/Kohoutek | Kohoutek | ||
| 76P/West-Kohoutek-Ikemura | West & Kohoutek & Ikemura | ||
| 77P/Longmore | Longmore | ||
| 78P/Gehrels (Gehrels 2) | Gehrels | ||
| 79P/du Toit-Hartley | du Toit & Hartley | ||
| 80P/Peters-Hartley | Peters & Hartley | ||
| 81P/Wild (Wild 2) | Wild | ||
| 82P/Gehrels (Gehrels 3) | Gehrels | ||
| 83P/Russell (Russell 1) | Russell | ||
| 84P/Giclas | Giclas | ||
| 85P/Boethin | Boethin | ||
| 86P/Wild (Wild 3) | Wild | ||
| 87P/Bus | Bus | ||
| 88P/Howell | Howell | ||
| 89P/Russell (Russell 2) | Russell | ||
| 90P/Gehrels (Gehrels 1) | Gehrels | ||
| 91P/Russell (Russell 3) | Russell | ||
| 92P/Sanguin | Sanguin | ||
| 93P/Lovas (Lovas 1) | Lovas | ||
| 94P/Russell (Russell 4) | Russell | ||
| 95P/Chiron = astéroïde (2060) Chiron | Kowal | ||
| 96P/Machholz (Machholz 1) | Machholz | 1986 | 5,2322 a |
| 97P/Metcalf-Brewington | Metcalf & Brewington | ||
| 98P/Takamizawa | Takamizawa | ||
| 99P/Kowal (Kowal 1) | Kowal | ||
| 100P/Hartley (Hartley 1) | Hartley | ||
| 101P/Chernykh | Chernykh | ||
| 102P/Shoemaker (Shoemaker 1) | C. Shoemaker & E. Shoemaker | ||
| 103P/Hartley (Hartley 2) | Hartley | ||
| 104P/Kowal (Kowal 2) | Kowal | ||
| 105P/Singer Brewster | Singer Brewster | ||
| 106P/Schuster | Schuster | ||
| 107P/Wilson-Harrington = astéroïde (4015) Wilson-Harrington | Helin & Wilson & Harrington | ||
| 108P/Ciffréo | Ciffréo | ||
| 109P/Swift-Tuttle | Swift & Tuttle | ||
| 110P/Hartley (Hartley 3) | Hartley | ||
| 111P/Helin-Roman-Crockett | Helin & Roman & Crockett | ||
| 112P/Urata-Niijima | Urata & Niijima | ||
| 113P/Spitaler | Spitaler | ||
| 114P/Wiseman-Skiff | Wiseman & Skiff | ||
| 115P/Maury (Maury 1) | Maury | ||
| 116P/Wild (Wild 4) | Wild | ||
| 117P/Helin-Roman-Alu (Helin-Roman-Alu 1) | Helin & Roman & Alu | ||
| 118P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 4) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 119P/Parker-Hartley | Parker & Hartley | ||
| 120P/Mueller (Mueller 1) | Mueller | ||
| 121P/Shoemaker-Holt (Shoemaker-Holt 2) | C.Shoemaker, E.Shoemaker & Holt | ||
| 122P/de Vico | de Vico | ||
| 123P/West-Hartley | West & Hartley | ||
| 124P/Mrkos | Mrkos | ||
| 125P/Spacewatch (Spacewatch 1) | Spacewatch | ||
| 126P/IRAS | IRAS | ||
| 127P/Holt-Olmstead | Holt & Olmstead | ||
| 128P/Shoemaker-Holt (Shoemaker-Holt 1) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Holt | ||
| 129P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 3) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 130P/McNaught-Hughes | McNaught & Hughes | ||
| 131P/Mueller (Mueller 2) | Mueller | ||
| 132P/Helin-Roman-Alu (Helin-Roman-Alu 2) | Helin & Roman & Alu | ||
| 133P/Elst-Pizarro = astéroïde (7968) Elst-Pizarro | Elst & Pizarro | ||
| 134P/Kowal-Vávrová | Kowal & Vávrová | ||
| 135P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 8) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 136P/Mueller (Mueller 3) | Mueller | ||
| 137P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 2) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 138P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 7) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 139P/Väisälä-Oterma | Väisälä & Oterma | ||
| 140P/Bowell-Skiff | Bowell & Skiff | ||
| 141P/Machholz (Machholz 2) | Machholz | ||
| 142P/Ge-Wang | Ge & Wang | ||
| 143P/Kowal-Mrkos | Kowal & Mrkos | ||
| 144P/Kushida | Kushida | ||
| 145P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 5) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 146P/Shoemaker-LINEAR | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & LINEAR | ||
| 147P/Kushida-Muramatsu | Kushida & Muramatsu | ||
| 148P/Anderson-LINEAR | Anderson & LINEAR | ||
| 149P/Mueller (Mueller 4) | Mueller | ||
| 150P/LONEOS (LONEOS 3) | LONEOS | ||
| 151P/Helin | Helin | ||
| 152P/Helin-Lawrence | Helin & Lawrence | ||
| 153P/Ikeya-Zhang | Ikeya & Zhang | ||
| 154P/Brewington | Brewington | ||
| 155P/Shoemaker (Shoemaker 3) | C. Shoemaker & E. Shoemaker | ||
| 156P/Russell-LINEAR | Russell & LINEAR | ||
| 157P/Tritton | Tritton | ||
| 158P/Kowal-LINEAR | Kowal & LINEAR | ||
| 159P/LONEOS (LONEOS 7) | LONEOS | ||
| 160P/LINEAR (LINEAR 43) | LINEAR | ||
| 161P/Hartley-IRAS | Hartley & IRAS | ||
| 162P/Siding Spring (Siding Spring 2) | Siding Spring | ||
| 163P/NEAT (NEAT 21) | NEAT | ||
| 164P/Christensen (Christensen 2) | Christensen | ||
| 165P/LINEAR (LINEAR 10) | LINEAR | ||
| 166P/NEAT (NEAT 8) | NEAT | ||
| 167P/CINEOS | CINEOS | ||
| 168P/Hergenrother (Hergenrother 1) | Hergenrother | ||
| 169P/NEAT (NEAT 22) | NEAT | ||
| 170P/Christensen (Christensen 4) | Christensen | ||
| 171P/Spahr (Spahr 2) | Spahr | ||
| 172P/Yeung | Yeung | ||
| 173P/Mueller (Mueller 5) | Mueller | ||
| 174P/Echeclus = astéroïde (60558) Echeclus | Spacewatch | ||
| 175P/Hergenrother (Hergenrother 2) | Hergenrother | ||
| 176P/LINEAR (LINEAR 52) = astéroïde 1999 RE70 = 118401 LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 177P/Barnard (Barnard 2) | Barnard | ||
| 178P/Hug-Bell | Hug & Bell | ||
| 179P/Jedicke (Jedicke 1) | Jedicke | ||
| 180P/NEAT (NEAT 3) | NEAT | ||
| 181P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 6) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 182P/LONEOS (LONEOS 6) | LONEOS | ||
| 183P/Korlević-Jurić | Korlević & Jurić | ||
| 184P/Lovas (Lovas 2) | Lovas | ||
| 185P/Petriew | Petriew | ||
| 186P/Garradd (Garradd 1) | Garradd | ||
| 187P/LINEAR (LINEAR 4) | LINEAR | ||
| 188P/LINEAR-Mueller | LINEAR & Mueller | ||
| 189P/NEAT (NEAT 10) | NEAT | ||
| 190P/Mueller (Mueller 6) | Mueller | ||
| 191P/McNaught (McNaught 11) | McNaught | ||
| 192P/Shoemaker-Levy (Shoemaker-Levy 1) | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | ||
| 193P/LINEAR-NEAT (LINEAR-NEAT 2) | LINEAR & NEAT | ||
| 194P/LINEAR (LINEAR 9) | LINEAR [1] | ||
| 195P/Hill | Hill | ||
| 196P/Tichý | Tichý IAUC 8917 | ||
| 197P/LINEAR | LINEAR IAUC 8924 | ||
| 198P/ODAS | OCA-DLR Asteroid Survey (ODAS)[2], IAUC 8929 | ||
| 199P/Shoemaker (Shoemaker 4) | C. Shoemaker & E. Shoemaker CBET 1347 | ||
| 200P/Larsen | Larsen | ||
| 201P/LONEOS | LONEOS [3] | ||
| 202P/Scotti | Scotti [4] | ||
| 203P/Korlević | Korlević IAUC 8974 | ||
| 204P/LINEAR-NEAT | LINEAR & NEAT IAUC 8974 | ||
| 205P/Giacobini | Giacobini IAUC 8975 | ||
| 206P/Barnard-Boattini | Barnard & Boattini IAUC 8995 | ||
| 207P/NEAT | NEAT IAUC 8996 | ||
| 208P/McMillan | McMillan IAUC 8997, IAUC 9000 | ||
| 209P/LINEAR | LINEAR IAUC 9002 | ||
| 210P/Christensen | Christensen IAUC 9005 | ||
| 211P/Hill | Hill (Catalina Sky Survey) IAUC 9001 | ||
| 212P/NEAT | NEAT IAUC 9010 | ||
| 213P/Van Ness | Van Ness IAUC 9017 | ||
| 214P/LINEAR | LINEAR IAUC 9017 | ||
| 215P/NEAT | NEAT IAUC 9018 | ||
| 216P/LINEAR | LINEAR IAUC 9021 | ||
| 217P/LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 218P/LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 219P/LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 220P/McNaught | McNaught | ||
| 221P/LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 222P/LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 223P/Skiff | Skiff | ||
| 224P/LINEAR-NEAT | LINEAR & NEAT | ||
| 225P/LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 226P/Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski | Pigott & LINEAR & Kowalski | ||
| 227P/Catalina-LINEAR | Catalina Sky Survey & LINEAR | ||
| 228P/LINEAR | LINEAR | ||
| 229P/Gibbs | Gibbs (Catalina Sky Survey) |
