Cocarde - Définition
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Introduction
Une cocarde est un insigne de couleur (en tissu ou peint) représentant un pays, une armée ou un groupe organisé.
En France
En France, les cocardes ont joué un rôle pendant la révolution de 1789, voir par exemple :
- dans le Glossaire de la Révolution française, la description des diverses cocardes
- l'Adoption par Louis XVI de la cocarde tricolore
Confectionnée en laine ou à l'aide de rubans, elle est dès le début de la Révolution française le symbole du patriotisme, notion importante de la Révolution.
La cocarde devient rapidement un signe d'engagement politique. Son port est rendu obligatoire pour les hommes le 8 juillet 1792, pour les femmes le 21 septembre 1793. Le refus de porter la cocarde rend suspect la personne et peut lui valoir huit jours de prison. En signe de défi, les contre-révolutionnaires portent, notamment en Bretagne et en Vendée, une cocarde blanche, couleur de la Royauté. Après Thermidor, le port de la cocarde s'amenuise, même s'il est théoriquement obligatoire au moins jusqu'en 1796.
Le terme "cocarde" a souvent été repris dans les milieux nationalistes ou républicains français. L'écrivain nationaliste Maurice Barrès avait ainsi dirigé un journal nommé La Cocarde. On parle également d'écrivain ou de chansonnier « cocardier » pour désigner l'élan nationaliste de la fin du XIXe siècle.
Depuis le début du XXe siècle, les cocardes sont essentiellement utilisées pour indiquer la nationalité des avions militaires.
Cocardes des différentes Armées de l'air dans le monde
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