Chronologie de l'accident de la navette spatiale Challenger - Définition
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Introduction
La chronologie de la mission STS-51-L est la chronologie détaillée des événements depuis l'allumage des moteurs principaux de challengers jusqu'à la destruction des deux propulseurs d'appoint à poudre, et comprend une transcription des conversations de l'équipage à partir de l'enregistreur de voix (Cockpit Voice Recorder) à bord de l'Orbiteur.
STS-51-L était le vingt-cinquième vol du programme navette spatiale, marqué par le premier vol civil à bord de la navette spatiale. La mission utilisait la navette spatiale Challenger, qui a décollé de l'aire de lancement 39B du Centre spatial Kennedy, en Floride en 1986. La mission s'est terminée en catastrophe, par la destruction de Challenger 73 secondes après le décollage en raison de la défaillance d'un joint torique sur le propulseur d'appoint à poudre de droite de Challenger, ce qui a conduit à la désintégration rapide de la navette en raison de l'écrasante pression aérodynamique resultante. Les sept membres de l'équipage ont été tués peu de temps après l'éclatement du véhicule.
Légende
Voici la légende des acronymes utilisés :
- APU - Auxilixary Power Unit, générateur auxiliaire
- ET - External Tank, le réservoir externe
- GPC - General Purpose Computer, ordinateur principal
- HPFT - High Pressure Fuel Turbopump, pompe à carburant hautement pressurisée
- LH2 - Liquid Hydrogen, hydrogène liquide
- LO2 ou LOX - Liquid Oxygen, oxygène liquide
- MEC - Main Engine Controller, contrôleur du moteur principal
- PIC - Pyrotechnics Initiator Controller, contrôleur de la pyrotechnie
- psf - Pounds per square foot, pounds par pied au carré
- psi - Pounds per square inch, pounds par inch au carré
- RCS - Reaction Control System, système de contrôle
- CVR - Cockpit Voice Recorder, enregistreur de l'habitacle de la navette
- MET - Mission Elapsed Time, temps en secondes depuis le décollage
Chronologie
| Temps (UTC) (heure:minute:seconde) | Mission Elapsed Time (MET) (en secondes) | Évènement | Source | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16:37:53.444 | -6.566 | Commande d'ignition du SSME-3. | GPC | ||||
| 16:37:53.564 | -6.446 | Commande d'ignition du SSME-2. | GPC | ||||
| 16:37:53.684 | -6.326 | Commande d'ignition du SSME-1. | GPC | ||||
| 16:37:54 | -6 | CDR: "There they go guys!" MS2: "All right!" CDR: "Three at a hundred." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:00 | 0 | MS2 "Aall riight!" | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:00.010 | 0.000 | Commande d'ignition du SRB. | GPC | ||||
| 16:38:00.018 | 0.008 | Holddown Post 2 PIC firing. | Appareil photographique E8 | ||||
| 16:38:00.260 | 0.250 | First continuous vertical motion. | Appareil photographique E9 | ||||
| The O-rings in the right-hand SRB field joint fail. | |||||||
| 16:38:00.688 | 0.678 | First confirmed puff of smoke appears above SRB/ET attachment ring field joint on right-hand SRB. | Appareil photographique E60 | ||||
| 16:38:00.846 | 0.836 | Eight puffs of smoke appear above field joint, lasting from t+0.836 to t+2.5 seconds MET. | Appareil photographique E63 | ||||
| 16:38:01 | 1 | PLT "Here we go." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:02.743 | 2.733 | Dernière preuve de fumée provenant du joint. | Appareil photographique CZR-1 | ||||
| A solid-fuel 'plug' seals the gap formed by the O-ring 'blow-by'. | |||||||
| 16:38:03.385 | 3.375 | Dernière preuve de fumée. | Appareil photographique E60 | ||||
| 16:38:04.349 | 4.339 | SSMEs throttled up to 104% | E41M2076D | ||||
| 16:38:05.684 | 5.674 | Right-hand SRB pressure 11.8 psi above normal. | B47P2302C | ||||
| 16:38:07 | 7 | CDR: "Houston, Challenger - Roll program." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:07.734 | 7.724 | Roll program initiated. | V90R5301C | ||||
| 16:38:11 | 11 | PLT: "Go you Mother!" | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:14 | 14 | MS1: "LVLH" | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:15 | 15 | MS2: "(Expletive) hot!" | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:16 | 16 | CDR: "Ooohh-kaaay." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:19 | 19 | PLT: "Looks like we've got a lotta wind here today." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:19.869 | 19.859 | SSMEs throttled back to 94% | E41M2076D | ||||
| 16:38:20 | 20 | CDR: "Yeah." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:21.134 | 21.124 | Roll program completed. | VP0R5301C | ||||
| 16:38:22 | 22 | CDR: "It's a little hard to see out my window here." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:28 | 28 | PLT: "There's ten thousand feet and Mach point five." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:30 | 30 | [Garble] | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:35 | 35 | CDR: "Point nine." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:35.389 | 35.379 | SSMEs throttled back to 65% | E41M2076D | ||||
| 16:38:37.000 | 36.990 | Roll and Yaw Attitude Response to wind shear (36.990 to 62.990 sec). | V95H352nC | ||||
| The solid fuel 'plug' is dislodged. | |||||||
| 16:38:40 | 40 | PLT: "There's Mach one." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:41 | 41 | CDR: "Going through nineteen thousand." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:43 | 43 | CDR: "OK, we're throttling down." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:51.870 | 51.860 | SSMEs throttled up to 104% | E41M2076D | ||||
| 16:38:57 | 57 | CDR: "Throttling up." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:58 | 58 | PLT: "Throttle up." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:58.798 | 58.788 | First evidence of flame on right-hand SRB. | Appareil photographique E207 | ||||
| 16:38:59 | 59 | CDR: "Roger." | CVR | ||||
| 16:38:59.010 | 59.000 | Reconstructed Max Q (720 psf) | Best estimated trajectory | ||||
| 16:38:59.272 | 59.262 | Continuous well defined plume of flame on right-hand SRB. | Appareil photographique E207 | ||||
| 16:38:59.763 | 59.753 | Flame from right-hand SRB in downwards direction (seen from south side of vehicle). | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:38:60 | 60 | PLT: "Feel that mother go!" "Woooohoooo!" | CVR | ||||
| 16:39:00.014 | 60.238 | Pressures in right- and left-hand SRBs begin to diverge. | B47P2302 | ||||
| 16:39:00.248 | 60.238 | First evidence of intermittent plume deflection. | Appareil photographique E207 | ||||
| 16:39:00.258 | 60.248 | First evidence of SRB plume attaching to ET ring frame. | Appareil photographique E203 | ||||
| 16:39:00.998 | 60.988 | First evidence of continuous plume deflection. | Appareil photographique E207 | ||||
| 16:39:01.734 | 61.724 | Peak roll rate in response to wind shear. | V90R5301C | ||||
| 16:39:02 | 62 | PLT: "Thirty-five thousand going through one point five." | CVR | ||||
| 16:39:02.094 | 62.084 | Peak TVC response to wind shear. | B58H1150C | ||||
| 16:39:02.414 | 62.404 | Peak yaw response to wind shear. | V90R5341C | ||||
| 16:39:02.494 | 62.484 | Right-hand outboard elevon actuator hinge moment spike. | V58P0966C | ||||
| 16:39:03.934 | 63.924 | RH outboard elevon actuator delta pressure change. | V58P0966C | ||||
| 16:39:03.974 | 63.964 | Start of planned pitch rate manoeuvre. | V90R5321C | ||||
| The plume of flame burns through the LH2 tank in the ET. | |||||||
| 16:39:04.670 | 64.660 | Change in anomalous plume shape (LH2 tank leak near 2058 ring frame). | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:04.715 | 64.705 | Bright sustained glow on sides of ET | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:04.947 | 64.937 | Start SSME gimbal angle large pitch variations | V58H1100A | ||||
| 16:39:05 | 65 | CDR: "Reading four eighty six on mine." | CVR | ||||
| 16:39:05.174 | 65.164 | Beginning of transient motion due to changes in aero forces due to plume. | V90R5321C | ||||
| 16:39:06.774 | 66.764 | Start ET LH2 ullage pressure deviations. | T41P1700C | ||||
| 16:39:07 | 67 | PLT: "Yep, that's what I've got, too." | CVR | ||||
| 16:39:10 | 70 | CDR: "Roger, go at throttle up." (Last transmission on air-to-ground voice loop). | CVR | ||||
| The flame burns through the lower attachment strut on the right-hand SRB, causing the SRB to move away from the ET. | |||||||
| 16:39:12.214 | 72.204 | Left- and right-hand SRB yaw rates begin to diverge. | V90R2528C | ||||
| 16:39:12.294 | 72.284 | Left- and right-hand SRB pitch rates begin to diverge. | V90R2525C | ||||
| 16:39:12.488 | 72.478 | SRB major high-rate actuator command. | V79H2111A | ||||
| 16:39:12.507 | 72.497 | SSME roll gimball rates 5 deg/sec. | V58H1100A | ||||
| 16:39:12.535 | 72.525 | Vehicle max +Y lateral acceleration (+.227 g). | V98A1581C | ||||
| 16:39:12.574 | 72.564 | SRB major high-rate actuator motion. | B58H1151C | ||||
| 16:39:12.574 | 72.564 | Start of H2 tank pressure decrease with 2 flow control valves open. | T41P1700C | ||||
| 16:39:12.634 | 72.624 | Last state vector downlinked. | Data reduction | ||||
| 16:39:12.974 | 72.964 | Start of sharp MPS LOX inlet pressure drop. | V41P1330C | ||||
| 16:39:13 | 73 | PLT: "Uh-oh..." | CVR | ||||
| 16:39:13.020 | 73.010 | Last full computer frame of TDRS data. | Data reduction | ||||
| 16:39:13.054 | 73.044 | Start of sharp MPS LH2 inlet pressure drop. | V41P1100C | ||||
| 16:39:13.055 | 73.045 | Vehicle max -Y lateral accelerarion (-.254 g). | V98A1581C | ||||
| Challenger begins to disintegrate. | |||||||
| 16:39:13.134 | 73.124 | Circumferential white pattern on ET aft dome (LH2 tank failure). The bottom of the ET is open and liquid hydrogen spills. | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:13.134 | 73.124 | Right-hand SRB pressure 19 psi lower than left-hand SRB | B47P2302C | ||||
| 16:39:13.147 | 73.137 | First hint of vapour at intertank. | Appareil photographique E207 | ||||
| 16:39:13.153 | 73.143 | All engine systems start responding to loss of fuel and LOX inlet pressure. | SSME team | ||||
| 16:39:13.172 | 73.162 | Sudden cloud along ET between intertank and aft dome. The right booster slams into the ET just as the LH2 tank is thrust into the oxygen tank. | Appareil photographique E207 | ||||
| 16:39:13.201 | 73.191 | Flash between Orbiter & LH2 tank. | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:13.221 | 73.211 | SSME telemetry data interference from 73.211 to 73.303. | Data reduction | ||||
| 16:39:13.223 | 73.213 | Flash near SRB forward attachment strut and brightening of flash between Orbiter and ET | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:13.292 | 73.282 | First indication intense white flash at SRB fwd attach point. | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:13.337 | 73.327 | Greatly increased intensity of white flash. | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:13.387 | 73.377 | Start of RCS jet chamber pressure fluctuations. | V42P1552A | ||||
| 16:39:13.393 | 73.383 | All engines approaching HPFT discharge temp redline limits. | E41Tn010D | ||||
| 16:39:13.492 | 73.482 | ME-2 HPFT discharge temperature. Channel A votes for shutdown; 2 strikes on Channel B. | MEC data | ||||
| 16:39:13.492 | 73.482 | SSME-2 controller last time word update. | MEC data | ||||
| 16:39:13.513 | 73.503 | SSME-3 in shutdown due to HPFT discharge temperature redline exceedance. | MEC data | ||||
| 16:39:13.513 | 73.503 | SSME-3 controller last time word update. | MEC data | ||||
| 16:39:13.533 | 73.523 | SSME-1 in shutdown due to HPFT discharge temperature redline exceedance. | Calculation | ||||
| 16:39:13.553 | 73.543 | SSME-1 last telemetered data point. | Calculation | ||||
| 16:39:13.628 | 73.618 | Last validated Orbiter telemetry measurement. | V46P0120A | ||||
| 16:39:13.641 | 73.631 | End of last reconstructured data frame with valid synchronization and frame count. | Data reduction | ||||
| 16:39:14.140 | 74.130 | Last radio frequency signal from Orbiter | Data reduction | ||||
| Loss of downlink - Challenger is lost. | |||||||
| 16:39:14.597 | 74.587 | Bright flash in vicinity of Orbiter nose. | Appareil photographique E204 | ||||
| 16:39:16.447 | 76.437 | Right-hand SRB nose cap separation & parachute deployment. | Appareil photographique E207 | ||||
| 16:39:50.260 | 110.250 | Destruction of right-hand SRB via Range Safety System. | E202 Camera. | ||||
| 16:39:50.262 | 110.252 | Destruction of left-hand SRB via Range Safety System. | Appareil photographique E230 | ||||
